{"id":867,"date":"2023-01-08T12:57:50","date_gmt":"2023-01-08T11:57:50","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/apportal.it\/?p=867"},"modified":"2023-01-08T12:57:50","modified_gmt":"2023-01-08T11:57:50","slug":"how-the-immune-system-works","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/apportal.it\/en\/how-the-immune-system-works\/","title":{"rendered":"How the immune system works"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p>The immune system fights infections and diseases, producing what is known as an immune response. It consists of a set of tissues, chemical and physical structures, organs and cells which defend the organism, and it is therefore indispensable for combating viruses, bacteria and foreign pathogenic agents<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The immune system acts by:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Recognising anything that shouldn\u2019t be in the body<\/li><li>Ordering the immune cells to act where there is a problem<\/li><li>Attacking and eliminating foreign agents<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong><strong>What the immune system is composed of<\/strong><\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><a href=\"https:\/\/apportal.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/01\/eng-.png\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/apportal.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/01\/eng--1024x538.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-918\"\/><\/a><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>All the components of the immune system are connected through the lymphatic system, located in various parts of the body and acting in synergy to defend the organism and keep it healthy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Specifically, the immune system is composed of:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><strong>The lymphatic system<\/strong>, composed of a network of vessels that expel germs and dead cells and tissues from the organism through a fluid called lymph. Lymph passes through specific collection points the size of a pea, called <strong>lymph nodes<\/strong>. When there is an infection, the lymph nodes often react by swelling. For instance, a throat infection can cause the lymph nodes in the neck to swell.&nbsp;<\/li><li><strong>White blood cells<\/strong>, also known as leukocytes. These move through the bloodstream to find and fight germs and other problems. Once they have fought and destroyed an antigen, they are usually able to remember it. If the white blood cells can remember that particular antigen, the next time it appears in the body they will fight it more quickly.<\/li><li><strong>Organs<\/strong>, including<strong> bone marrow<\/strong> (which produces all the immune cells), <strong>thymus<\/strong> (a gland where the immune cells mature), and secondary lymphatic organs (<strong>spleen<\/strong>, <strong>tonsils<\/strong>, <strong>adenoids<\/strong> and <strong>Peyer\u2019s patches<\/strong>)<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>The chemical and physical barriers of the immune system<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/apportal.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/01\/eng-vessels-1024x538.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-921\"\/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>The immune system is much more complex and widespread than we might think: organs and tissues are not enough to defend the body from external aggression, chemical and physical barriers are also needed. Let\u2019s see what these are:&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><strong>Skin<\/strong>: the skin forms an almost impenetrable barrier that prevents pathogens from entering and protects the body from chemical and physical attacks, while acid pH and sebum offer additional defence.<\/li><li><strong>Mucosa<\/strong>: present in many parts of the respiratory, digestive, genital and urinary system, physically and chemically preventing pathogens from entering.<\/li><li><strong>Mucus<\/strong>: the mucus in the respiratory system catches inhaled germs and dust particles.<\/li><li><strong>Gastric juices<\/strong>: highly acidic, these sterilise food, killing almost all the pathogens ingested.<\/li><li><strong>Tears<\/strong>: contain chemical and antibacterial substances that eliminate foreign bodies from the eyes.<\/li><li><strong>Wax<\/strong>: being sticky, it catches and helps to expel any bacteria in the ear canal.<\/li><li><strong>Eyelashes and nose hairs<\/strong>: catch and remove foreign particles from the eyes and respiratory tract.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><a href=\"https:\/\/apportal.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/01\/chemical-and-physical-barriers-.png\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/apportal.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/01\/chemical-and-physical-barriers--1024x538.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-924\"\/><\/a><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong><strong>Supplements for strengthening the immune system<\/strong><\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>The basic rules for ensuring the correct functioning of the immune system are those adopted for a healthy, active lifestyle:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>A balanced diet rich in vitamins and minerals<\/li><li>Physical activity&nbsp;<\/li><li>Regular sleep<\/li><li>Avoiding alcohol and nicotine<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>If the immune system has a deficit and cannot meet the body\u2019s needs, recourse can be made to nutritional supplements with an immunomodulating action.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>ApportAL\u00ae and ApportAL\u00ae Vital are nutritional supplements containing vitamins and minerals that help to strengthen the immune defences, restoring the body\u2019s normal physiological balance.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Image sources:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><a href=\"https:\/\/magazine.x115.it\/x115\/sistema-immunitario\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">https:\/\/magazine.x115.it\/x115\/sistema-immunitario\/<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/peptidi.net\/it\/sistema-immunitario-2\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener nofollow\">https:\/\/peptidi.net\/it\/sistema-immunitario-2<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/slideplayer.it\/slide\/12762887\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener nofollow\">https:\/\/slideplayer.it\/slide\/12762887\/<\/a><\/li><\/ol>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>The immune system fights infections and diseases, producing what is known as an immune response. It consists of a set of tissues, chemical and physical structures, organs and cells which defend the organism, and it is therefore indispensable for combating viruses, bacteria and foreign pathogenic agents The immune system acts by: Recognising anything that shouldn\u2019t [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":4,"featured_media":801,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-867","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.3 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>How the immune system works - Apportal<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/apportal.it\/en\/how-the-immune-system-works\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"How the immune system works - Apportal\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"The immune system fights infections and diseases, producing what is known as an immune response. It consists of a set of tissues, chemical and physical structures, organs and cells which defend the organism, and it is therefore indispensable for combating viruses, bacteria and foreign pathogenic agents The immune system acts by: Recognising anything that shouldn\u2019t [&hellip;]\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/apportal.it\/en\/how-the-immune-system-works\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Apportal\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2023-01-08T11:57:50+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/apportal.it\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/01\/Come-funziona-il-sistema-immunitario.png\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"1200\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"800\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/png\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"Greta Miliani\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"Greta Miliani\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Est. reading time\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"4 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\\\/\\\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"Article\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/apportal.it\\\/en\\\/how-the-immune-system-works\\\/#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/apportal.it\\\/en\\\/how-the-immune-system-works\\\/\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"Greta Miliani\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/apportal.it\\\/en\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/person\\\/0b29c18fbf2747d1a6721a03482ca785\"},\"headline\":\"How the immune system works\",\"datePublished\":\"2023-01-08T11:57:50+00:00\",\"mainEntityOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/apportal.it\\\/en\\\/how-the-immune-system-works\\\/\"},\"wordCount\":560,\"commentCount\":0,\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/apportal.it\\\/en\\\/#organization\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/apportal.it\\\/en\\\/how-the-immune-system-works\\\/#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/apportal.it\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2023\\\/01\\\/Come-funziona-il-sistema-immunitario.png\",\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"CommentAction\",\"name\":\"Comment\",\"target\":[\"https:\\\/\\\/apportal.it\\\/en\\\/how-the-immune-system-works\\\/#respond\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/apportal.it\\\/en\\\/how-the-immune-system-works\\\/\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/apportal.it\\\/en\\\/how-the-immune-system-works\\\/\",\"name\":\"How the immune system works - 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